Annotated by:
This blog post is both a detailing of net.art history and a subjective look at what the artists behind the genre put into it. Hoffman’s travel through the history of net.art lays emphasis on the collaborative and personal nature of the early internet.
Browse the card catalogue to connect to sources on internet art.
Research Assistants:
Zhang, Gary Zhexi. “Post-Internet Art: You’ll Know It When You See It.” Elephant 23 (Summer 2015). https://elephant.art/youll-know-it-when-you-see-it/
Glink. “The Golden Age of the Internet Is Over.” Youtube Video, 26:54. November 1, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OU6CuSMzNus.
“Internet Art.” Tate. https://www.tate.org.uk/art/art-terms/i/internet-art
Dekker, Annet. Collecting and Conserving Net Art: Moving Beyond Conventional Methods. New York: Routledge, 2018.
http://about.mouchette.org//srv/htdocs/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/Collecting-and-Conserving-Net-A-Annet-Dekker.pdf
VICE. “Web 1.0 Music by Jerome LOL.” Youtube Video, 11:08. March 22, 2013. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GTcRY_r6KG8.
Bloomberg Markets and Finance. “Guggenheim Co-Founder Morley is Building Largest NFT Museum.” Youtube. May 24, 2021. Educational Video, 7:06. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tU2mV-40MOM
“Maria Olson.” Maria Olson. http://www.marisaolson.com
Johnson, Angela. “The Internet In 2021: Net Art, Data Privacy, And Community.” Arts Management & Technology Laboratory. March 18, 2021. https://amt-lab.org/ podcasts-interviews/2021/3/net-art-podcast.
Hoffman, Jay. “A Love Letter to Net.Art.” The History of the Web. September 17, 2019. https://thehistoryoftheweb.com/net-art/
Cryptopia. Directed by Torsten Hoffmann. Australia: Plot 11, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l5TqlnD1ZSI
“thing.net.” Thing. https://www.thing.net
Noronha, Marina Valle. “(NET) FOREVER ART :).” in Reshaping the Collectible: The Lives of Net Art. Tate Research Publication, 2021. https://www.tate.org.uk/research/reshaping- the-collectible/net-forever-art.
Clark, Peter Allen. “The Metaverse Has Already Arrived. Here’s What That Actually Means.” Time, November 15, 2021. https://time.com/6116826/what-is-the-metaverse/
“Art21 Magazine.” http://magazine.art21.org
“artport.” Whitney. https://whitney.org/artport
netomat. https://www.netomat.net
“10 of the Best Digital Artists in the World.” Vexels. March 22, 2019. https://www.vexels.com/blog/10-of-the-best-digital-artists-in-the-world/
Greene, Rachel. “Web Work: A History of Internet Art.” Artforum (May 2000): 342-348. https://www.artforum.com/print/200005/web-work-a-history-of-internet-art-465
British Council Arts. “What is Digital Art?” Youtube Video, 5:46. February 17, 2015. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2RWop0Gln24.
Souter, Anna. “Post-Internet Art: The Search for a Definition.” Roman Road Journal. August 22, 2017. https://romanroadjournal.com/post-internet-art-the-search-for-a-definition/.
teamLab. https://borderless.teamlab.art
“A Gallery for Rare Art and Collectibles.” The Crypt. https://www.crypt.art
Bloomberg Quicktake. “How NFTs Have Become a Gateway Into the Metaverse.” Youtube Video, 14:35. August 20, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wU7CTDVHHN8.
“Ars Electronica.” https://ars.electronica.art/newdigitaldeal/en/
CRYPTOART REVOLUTION: The NFT Documentary. Directed by Sal D’Alia, Sr. New York: Adorama, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2D6iqZLKhLY
“skinonskinonskin.” Net Art Anthology. https://anthology.rhizome.org/skinonskinonskin
Dash, Anil. “NFTs Weren’t Supposed to End Like This.” The Atlantic. April 2, 2021. https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2021/04/nfts-werent-supposed-end-like/618488/
Naranjo, Ivania Oberti. “Internet Laws and Art Media: Why Artists Need to Copyright Their Digital Art.” LinkedIn. January 20, 2020. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/internet-laws-art-media-why-artists-need-copyright-oberti-naranjo
“Artie Vierkant.” Artuner. https://www.artuner.com/artists/artie-vierkant/
Alexander, Donovan. “The Digital Canvas: The Odd and Fascinating History of Internet Art.” Interesting Engineering, March 21, 2019. https://interestingengineering.com/the-digital- canvas-the-odd-and-fascinating-history-of-internet-art
CoinDesk. “NFTs and the Law.” Youtube. March 10, 2021. Educational Video, 11:52. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L_8j5T4UNZo
Creators. “Turning The Internet Into An Art Gallery | Rafaël Rozendaal.” Youtube Video, 6:11. May 21, 2012. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q2PlTV-RvnE.
Thomson, Kristin, Kristen Purcell, and Lee Rainie. “Section 6: Overall Impact of Technology on the Arts.” Pew Research Center. January 4, 2013. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2013/01/04/section-6-overall-impact-of-technology-on-the-arts/
“RR.” New Rafael. https://www.newrafael.com
http://wwwwwwwww.jodi.org
Wikipedia about the artists
“NFTs: Key U.S. Legal Considerations for an Emerging Asset Class.” Jones Day. April 2021. https://www.jonesday.com/en/insights/2021/04/nfts-key-us-legal-considerations-for-an-emerging-asset-class
Chen, Betty and Quinn Rose. “#33: Internet Art of the 1990s.” Pictorial. Podcast Audio. March 9, 2021. https://www.relay.fm/pictorial/33.
Kimmelman, Michael. “Art Review: Creativity, Digitally Remastered.” New York Times. March 23, 2001. https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/23/arts/art-review-creativity-digitally-remastered.html
Barber, Stephanie. “Dina Kelberman’s I’m Google.” Art21. September 3, 2014. http://magazine.art21.org/2014/09/03/dina-kelbermans-im-google/#.YcI2-C2ZN0t
“FILE Electronic Language International Festival.” https://file.org.br
Kastrenakes, Jacob. “Beeple Sold an NFT for $69 Million.” The Verge. March 11, 2021. https://www.theverge.com/2021/3/11/22325054/beeple-christies-nft-sale-cost-everydays-69-million
“Net Art Anthology.” https://anthology.rhizome.org
LeewayHertz. “Impact of NFTs in Arts Industry.” Medium. April 7, 2021.https://medium.com/geekculture/impact-of-nfts-in-arts-industry-72ad29b63e1
Wisecrack. “How NFTs Explain Everything Wrong with Art.” Youtube Video, 18:18. April 14, 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qjQPCnjM3Bg.
Bibliography (not sure how to do this)
Business Insider. “Beeple Explains The Absurdity Of NFTs | So Expensive.” Youtube Video, 7:03. March 12. 2021. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nTmF26NUZTA.
TEDx Talks. “Art in the Age of Instagram.” Youtube Video, 13:23. March 2, 2016. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8DLNFDQt8Pc.
“Turbulence.” Turbulence. https://turbulence.org
Mackin, Leah. “Archive.” Internet Art Book Fair. http://www.internetartbookfair.com/ IABFarchive.html
Dickson, Andrew. “With Galleries Closed, a Moment for Net Artists to Shine.” The New York Times, May 6, 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/06/arts/net-artists-galleries- coronavirus.html.
TED. “Art in the age of machine intelligence | Refik Anadol.” Youtube Video, 12:01. August 19, 2020. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxQDG6WQT5s.
Quartz. “The early internet is breaking – here’s how the World Wide Web from the 90s on will be saved.” Youtube Video, 9:02. July 18, 2019. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= 2LzyRcLJdlg&list=PLXopLnLqDJSseW-TikFAOntj4vBUiIViL&index=11.
“Heath Bunting.” IRATIONAL Curriculum Vitae. http://irational.org/cgi-bin/cv2/temp.pl? member=1000
Guggenheim. “Internet Art.” Collection Online. https://www.guggenheim.org/artwork/ artwork_type/internet-art.
“Museum of Digital Life.” MoDaL. https://modalnft.com/info/